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Wounded Knee - Battle or Massacre?, 2006. A discussion regarding the Battle of Wounded Knee and the impact it had on American Indians. 1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95 »
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Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of Wounded Knee in American history. Specifically the paper discusses whether the conflict was a battle, as it was first known, or a massacre as it is now being called. The Battle of Wounded Knee was the last major battle between Native-Americans and whites. According to the paper, it was a tragic time in American history, and a lasting reminder of how the Indians lost their way of life, their dignity, and their homes, all due to white aggression and displacement.
From the Paper "The Battle of Wounded Knee took place on December 29, 1890 near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. A large group of Sioux Natives had gathered by the Creek, and the U.S. Army wanted to break up the gathering, because they felt the group was engaging in the religious dance called the Ghost Dance, which they felt was dangerous because it created unrest among the Natives. The soldiers began to separate the women and children from the men, and during this separation, someone fired a shot. It is not known who fired it. One historian writes, "In the chaos that followed, soldiers gunned down and stabbed Sioux men, women, and children. Some who did not die instantly crawled away only to freeze to death in the coming blizzard" (Johnson). "
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A Good Woman in Colonial Times, 2007. An analysis of "Sovereignty and Goodness of Good" by Mary Rowlandson. 1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how "Sovereignty and Goodness of Good" by Mary Rowlandson is both typical and atypical of captivity narratives of the early American colonial period. The paper examines how the author refers to the Native-Americans as savages. However, as her captivity wore on, and her experiences with the Native-Americans grew more intimate, Mary Rowlandson began to show more compassion and balance in her point of view of the Native-Americans. The paper reveals her morality and culture and maintains that this personal adaptability, combined with a balance and generosity of spirit that marks Mary as a distinct voice, may have garnered Mary's greater acceptance by her captives. The paper adds that it also gains her an additional credit as a historical voice and testimony to early settler and Native conflicts.
From the Paper "It is true that Mary's religious language makes itself evident in the narrative early on. Mary paints the Native's conflicts with the settlers in black-and-white moral terms and demonstrates the similarity of her perspective with other captive women in her theological viewpoint. Mary's view of the events of her life as a playing-out of Biblical conflicts, rather than a struggle for amoral natural resources shows how her fundamental perspective is still united with the culture of her original English people, throughout her travels with the Indians."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006. A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians. 1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper " The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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Wounded Knee 1973, 2007. This paper explores the Wounded Knee incident of 1973 and discusses the actions by the participants and the government during that time. 3,706 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 102.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer examines the events leading up to the Wounded Knee incident and recreates the atmosphere that prevailed before the stand off began. The writer notes that during the 71 day siege at Wounded Knee in 1973, Americans were re-introduced to the plight of the American Indians as media coverage brought hour by hour descriptions of the demands made by those who lead the charge. The writer then describes how thousands of Native-Americans joined together to try and force the American government to change some of the basic problems that were prevalent on reservations not only near Wounded Knee but across the nation. The writer concludes that today, Wounded Knee still serves as an example of the undercurrent of anger many Native Americans feel about the way the government has treated them since first taking over this land.
Outline:
Introduction
Leading Up to Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee Begins
The Demands
The End
Conclusion
End Notes
From the Paper "Before one can begin to fully understand the impact that Wounded Knee had on the nation and the participants one needs to have an understanding on the events and problems that led up to the siege.
While the Native Americans and the supporters of their people had long been angry over the treatment by the American government when it came to their culture, history and daily life there were several events that worked as a catalyst to lead up to the actual siege at Wounded Knee . The snowball of events begin in 1972 when a young native American named Raymond Yellow Thunder was abducted by two ranchers. Raymond Yellow Thunder was a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe and had been kidnapped and taken to a dance at an American Legion Hall in Gordon Nebraska. While there participants in his abuse forced him to strip his clothes off and dance naked while audience members threw lit cigarettes beneath his feet to force him to continue dancing."
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Totem Poles, 2007. A discussion on totem poles as a spiritual form of ethnic art. 2,319 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract This paper researches and writes about the building of totem poles as a spiritual, multicultural art form. Specifically, it looks at the recent totem poles carved by Jewell Praying Wolf James from the Lummi Native American Nation. It also discusses the tradition of totem poles and how their use and meaning may have changed in Native-American culture from the late 18th century to present day.
From the Paper "Despite the long and important tradition of totems and the celebrations relating to them (called potlashes), they have experienced great challenges and setbacks in the past centuries. In Canada, the Indian Act of 1876 made potlatching and other Native customs illegal. Many consider that the Indian Act destroyed tribal life in Canadian Native Americans, and it certainly had an impact of native culture and art; totem poles and other art was destroyed or confiscated, and people violating the laws were imprisoned or fined heavily. In both Canada and the United States, the abuse of Native Americans and their lack of rights under the American and Canadian governments resulted in mass export of their art, if it was not destroyed (Malin 167-68). "
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke, 2007. A look at the impact of disease on the lost American colony of Roanoke. 969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how one of the most perplexing historical mysteries of early American history is that of the lost colony of Roanoke. It examines how the initial contact between the settlers and the Roanoke Indians included a biological clash at the microbiological level in the form of disease and how disease weakened and reduced the native population. It also examines how, because of the intellectual and religious interpretations available to the American Indians at the time, the virulence of the diseases acted as a kind of unintentional, but effective weapon of fear for the settlers.
From the Paper "When first exposed to the early English colonists in what would become the Southern United States, the native population experienced an almost immediate, precipitous "depopulation" that was mainly due to imported European diseases that the native populace had not been exposed to ever before. Thus, the Roanoke Indians had not built up immunity towards European ailments in a way that the settlers, who had experienced exposure to such microbes all their lives, had been able to form within their bodies. In coastal North Carolina alone, measles, smallpox, and colds caused a death rate of up to a quarter of some of the native villages near the Roanoke colony. "
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The Dilemma of Beacheaven, 2006. A look at the dilemma the community of Beacheaven face when electing a new police captain. 1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the community of Beacheaven and the issues they face when electing a new police captain. According to this paper, Beacheaven has always taken pride in aiming to increase the representation of females and minorities within their community. This paper reports that the Concerned Citizens Coalition will decide to rally for an affirmative action solution.
From the Paper "The city of Beacheaven took a positive step in announcing their affirmative action plan and it should be noted that any positive action would always have a group of people opposing it. When the city announced its plan it should carry it out without caring about any legal action. Such actions are important to reduce the act of discrimination that is prevalent in our society today. "Employment discrimination experts agree that antidiscrimination laws such as the Civil Rights Act encourage, and in many instances require, affirmative action" (Forman, 1991). Affirmative action is necessary and people from the minorities should be brought up to higher ranks and highly paid jobs rather than left concentrated at lower paid jobs. Opportunity should be given to them so that they can excel and make their living standards better. Equal opportunity should be present for all the races in the United States. Moreover, gender discrimination should also be subtracted and men and women should have equal job opportunities. Affirmative action is being taken by many nations of the world because they realize its importance. "India, for example, has undertaken affirmative action initiatives in regard to disfavored castes that are both older and more extensive than any program ventured in the United States" (Ginsburg, 2000). Its 1950 constitution boldly affirms affirmative action because it realizes that equal opportunity should be presented to all the castes and races in India."
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Harjo Poetry, 2006. An analysis of Joy Harjo's poetry. 953 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract The paper analyzes the poems of Joy Harjo, a member of the Muskogee Tribe of American Indians and of mixed American Indian and European heritage. The paper shows how her poems integrate the past and the present to show continuance in life from one generation to the next. The writer discusses how Harjo was still connected to some of the ways of the earlier Native Americans. The paper further examines the use of repetition as a poetic device.
From the Paper "The interesting aspect about Harjo's poem "Remember" (2004, 42) from a new historic approach is that it does as she says: incorporates the past the present. In the poem, the reader first is reminded to remember the past, when the American Indians told stories about nature and the world around them. Then Harjo jumps in time to the present to an Iowa City bar, which perhaps is a reflection on the problems that American Indians have had on the reservations with alcohol and the disease fetal alcohol syndrome. It may also mean that American Indian women are in a different role today than in the past. They can be found in male-oriented environments as well as those normally considered for females such as the home."
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"Trail of Tears", 2006. A review of the book "Trail of Tears" depicting the eviction of Cherokee Indians from their homes. 2,974 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses, in detail, the book entitled "Trail of Tears" and the events that it is based on. The book starts with a passage about the Cherokee Indians who trudged through the landscape of Georgia in the year 1838, during their travel from Georgia to Oklahoma. This was because they had, in fact been forced to vacate the homes that they had known for the past many years by the United States Government.
From the Paper "Thus it was that the more than 16,000 native Indian people who were removed from their territories in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina and sent on to Indian Territory, today known as Oklahoma, reached the state and settled there, amidst large scale loss of lives and with almost no resources. (Military, Trail of Tears) One Cherokee says that according to Cherokee myth, when there is a curve in the rod, then it means that there will be a barn at the next turn, where one can seek shelter. However, for the Cherokees on their trail of tears, this did not happen, and they were forced to keep on walking and walking, until they either died or they reached their destination, finally. (Ellis, 2001)"
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Agasga's Journal, 2006. A fictional journal depicting the life of "Agasga", a Cherokee woman. 2,558 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95 »
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Abstract The paper was written by a woman whose great-great grandmother was a Cherokee. The journal is based upon her life and how she relates to her heritage. The journal is written as though she really lived in 1755, in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The author has researched the Cherokee people of the 18th century and used the research to create a historically possible scenario in her journal, a journal describing the culture and traditions of the time.
From the Paper "September 7, 1755. It is harvest time now. Soon winter will be upon us, and our whole extended family, aunts, uncles, and cousins will all live together through the cold moons. But before that we will celebrate the Green Corn Festival. When the priest ignites the Town House fire, he will call upon an old beloved woman to pull a basket full of newly ripened fruits and bring them to the beloved square."
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An Interview About Cultural Diversity, 2006. An interview with a person of Hispanic decent who lives in America. 1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 36.95 »
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Abstract This paper is an interview of a person who describes himself as "Hispanic." He comments on his culture, Hispanic representation in the media, discrimination towards him and religious affiliation. He elaborates on the challenges he experiences being part of a minority group, as well as the benefits in his eyes.
From the Paper "My interviewee reported that he thinks great strides have been made in how Hispanics are shown in the media. However, he still thought it was misleading. For example, he noted that even when a role was a Hispanic character, a non-Hispanic actor plays the role. He used the example of Catherine Zeta-Jones, who is from Wales, in the Zorro movies. He feels Hispanic actors are under-represented compared to the number of them living in the United States."
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Environment and Native Americans, 2006. This paper looks at the Native American population with relation to the environment. 1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that American Indians historically, have been the pioneers of environmental protection, even though the true authentic image of Native American environmental ethic has been distorted in the wake of romantic environmentalism. The writer looks at how the American Indians have transformed the North American landscape, but mentions that it was always out of rational response to abundance or scarcity. Further, the writer examines the history of the American Indians as it relates to the environment. In this paper, the writer concludes that individually successful Americans need to consider the fact that their acceptability for the Native Americans is necessary for a secured America of tomorrow.
From the Paper "Environment at large has been subject to small-scale destruction throughout history and people have always considered it as infinitely durable and usable, the largest part of environmental problems has its origin in the economy developing over four centuries of American existence. This period was characetrized by the growth of industries which resulted in emissions that had a negative bearing on the environment. These developments apply pressure on the earth's resources, the processes of production, use, and disposition of things Post Columbian Americans required for their reproduction and expansion. The indirect effects on the environment were taken for granted as environment was considered elastic. However harking back to the early twentieth century, the efforts of Aldo Leopold towards the conservation of environment Wisconsin River were immense, to this date he is regarded as a great environmentalist, amidst mounting industrialization and technology leaving by-products of pollution and exhaustion of natural resources. Doling out with conservative backlash from the white Americans, American Indians have stood by with grace to work for the preservation and purgation of environment."
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Leslie Marmon Silko's "Yellow Woman", 2006. A review of the folktale "Yellow Women" written by Native-American Leslie Marmon Silko. 1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95 »
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Abstract This paper looks at the belief of many that folktales are a dead media and lessons taught through folktales have no relevance in our current society. This paper also investigates Leslie Marmon Silko's argument in "Yellow Woman," that it's just the opposite, that folktales can still be very much a part of our present and future.
From the Paper "Within Leslies Silkos' work the narrator seems confused about her role in the story. The narrator is split minded that she is possible the yellow woman from her grandfathers story and question the stories legitimacy. One way she finds herself connected to the past living story, yet realizes she is in the present and old folktales like yellow woman do not occur anymore.
Another point Silko brings out is the Yellow Woman is unnamed as is the current narrator, leaving the reader with an open opinion. (Explain more here).
Throughout "Yellow Woman," the narrator plays the role of the yellow woman despite her disbeliefs. So why does the narrator lead herself to robbery and intercourse? The narrator is pressured many ways into becoming the yellow woman one including her grandfather."
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Christopher "Kit" Carson (1809-1868), 2006. A biography of Christopher "Kit" Carson. 1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95 »
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Abstract The paper looks at the life of Christopher "Kit" Carson, an almost mythic character in American history. He played an important role in the United State's expansion as a major player in the government's war with the Navajo Indians, finally forcing them off their lands. The paper reports on Carson's childhood. As his father died when he was nine years old, the need to work prevented him from ever receiving an education. His story is remarkable because in his lifetime Carson played so many roles that aided in Westward expansion in addition to Indian fighter: mountain man, trapper, guide, and sheep rancher. Both during and after Carson's life, astounding stories were told about his bravery, great strength and heroic deeds he had performed. The paper concludes that the story of Carson reveals both the good and the bad; while playing an important role in the Untied States expansion, he participated in important ways in subjugation and mistreatment of Native Americans. He was an army officer who followed his orders, but today those actions are recognized as wrong. His life is an example of those complex times.
From the Paper "Christopher "Kit" Carson, who was born in 1809 and died in 1868, has become an almost mythic character in American history. He started out as an apprentice to a saddle-maker, but made his way to the West, where he became a fur trapper and guide. He started out enjoying good relationships with Native Americans and even married Native American women twice in his life. Eventually he was an officer in the Civil War, and he played a major role in the American government's war with the Navajo Indians, finally forcing them off their lands."
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Modern Civil Rights Legislation, 2006. A brief look at the growth of the modern Civil Rights Movement and civil rights legislation in the USA. 1,093 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract This paper compares the Civil Rights Acts of 1950s and 1960s, discussing the influential factors of determining the differences, and the effect that it had on the African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans and Native Alaskans.
From the Paper "The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin, was the most far-reaching bill on civil rights of the modern era (Modern 156). The major provisions of this act outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration, barred discrimination in public accommodations, such as hotels and restaurants, authorized federal prosecution to desegregate public schools and facilities and the withholding of federal funds, established the right to equality of opportunity in employment, and expanded the power of the Civil Rights Commission and extended it life (Modern 156).
Violence perpetrated against protesting African Americans and whites in the South led to a dramatic change in the climate of public opinion, thus spurring the passage of the 1964 act (Modern 156). Moreover, many believe that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 had a significant effect on the national conscience, thus the act served as a tribute by Congress to the martyred President (Modern 156). However, the act was passed only after an eighty-three day filibuster, the longest in the history of the Senate, and cloture was imposed for the first time to cut off a civil rights filibuster (Modern 157). "
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